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Handbook of Paleoanthropology
Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Winfried Henke
Institut f¨ r Anthropologie (1050)
Fachbereich 10

Dipl. Biol. Thorolf Hardt
Institut f
¨
r Anthropologie (1050)
Fachbereich 10


Universit¨t Mainz

Universit¨t Mainz
55099 Mainz
Germany
email: henkew@uni-mainz.de
55099 Mainz
Germany
email: thormuel@students.uni-mainz.de

Prof. Dr. Ian Tattersall
Division of Anthropology
American Museum of Natural History
New York, NY 10024

5192
USA
email: iant@amnh.org
4
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Editor: Dieter Czeschlik, Heidelberg/Sandra Fabiani, Heidelberg
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Biologie
Johannes Gutenberg
Biologie
Johannes Gutenberg
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We dedicate these volumes to our long-time colleagues
Hartmut Rothe and Theodoros Pitsios
in appreciation of their friendship and unique contributions to
primatology and paleoanthropology.
Preface to the Series
must combine information from geology, paleoecology, prima-
tology, evolutionary biology and a host of other fields. Above all, historical
information garnered from the fossil record needs to be combined with, and
interpreted in the light of, what we know of the living world. In these volumes we
have brought together contributions by a variety of leading specialists that reflect
the broad spectrum of modern paleoanthropology, in an attempt to provide a
resource that we hope will be useful to professionals and students alike.
Volume I of this three-volume Handbook deals with principles, methods,
and approaches. In recent years enormous advances have been made in such areas
as phylogenetic analysis, evolutionary theory and philosophy, paleoecology, and
dating methods. The contributions aim to present the state of the art in these
and other relevant fields, as well as to furnish succinct introductions to them and
to reflect the many ways in which they interact. Human beings are primates,
and Volume II is devoted to primate origins, evolution, behavior, and adaptive
variety. In this compilation the emphasis is on the integration of fossil data with
the vast amount that is now known of the behavior and ecology of living primates
in natural environments. The third and final volume deals directly with the fossil
and molecular evidence for the evolution of
and its fossil relatives
(the family Hominidae or subfamily Homininae, according to taste, a matter that
we have left to each individual contributor). Paleoanthropology is a pluralistic
and actively developing field in which much remains to be settled, and we have
not tried to impose any uniformity of viewpoint on our authors. Instead, while
maintaining an emphasis on the data, we have encouraged them to express their
individual interpretations rather than to cover all possible points of view. This has
inevitably led to a certain degree of heterogeneity of opinion between the covers
of this Handbook; but we believe that this is the best way of reflecting the
excitement and momentum of the field and that it is best for the reader to be
left to reach his or her own conclusions. Science is, after all, a process rather than
a static product, and one of our primary aims here is to reflect the ongoing
dynamism of that process in paleoanthropology.
We thank all of the contributors to these volumes for their participation.
Some initially responded enthusiastically while others needed convincing about
the basic strategy of the Handbook, but all responded marvellously to the
Homo sapiens
Palaeoanthropology is perhaps the most multidisciplinary of all the sciences. Any
complete account of the evolution and of the cultural and biological contexts
of
Homo sapiens
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