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//-->L,THEIntelligenceandClassStructuremAmericanLife.wRICHARDLHERRNSTEINJ,CHARiESMURRAYInow-time,theabilitytouseandmanipulateinformationhasbecomethesinglemostimportantdementof success,nomatterhowyoumeasureit:financialsecurity,power,orstatus.Thosewhoworkbymanipulatingideasandabstractionsaretheleadersandben-eficiariesofoursociety.Insuchanera,highintelligenceisanincreasinglypreciousrawmaterialforsuccess.Butdespitedecadesoffishionabledenial,theoverridingandinsis-tenttruthaboutintellectualabilityisthatitisendowedunequally,forreasonsthatgovern-mentpoliciescandolittletochange.ThemajorpurposeofThpBellCurveistorevealthedramatictransformationthatiscurrentlyin processinAmericansociety-aprocessthathascreatedanewkindof classstructureledbya"cognitiveelite:'itselfaresult ofconcentrationandself-selectioninthosesocialpoolswellendowedwithcbgnitiveabilities.Thistransfbrmation,sadly,hasitsopposite:theperpetuationofaclassofpeopledeficientintheseendowmentsandabilities,andincreasinglydoomedtolabor,iftheyfindworkatall,outsidetheinformationeconomy.InabookthatisceaainbigniteanexplosivecontroversyHerrnsteinandMurraybreaknewgroundinexploringthewaysthatlowintelli-gence,independentofsocial,economic,orethnicbackgroundliesattheAtofmanyofoursocialproblems,TheauthorsalsodemonstratethetruthofanothertabooGeethatintelltgencelev-elsdifferamongethnicgroups.This&dingisalreadywell-knownandwidelydiscussedamongpsychometriciansandotherscholars.InllheBellCurve,HerrnsteinandMurrayopenthisbodyofscholarshiptothegeneralpublic.Ourpublicpolicyrefksestoacknowledgethepro06ofhumanmerence,ortodealwithitsconsequences.Withrelentlessandunassailablethoroughness,HerrnsteinandMurrayfbrthe£irsttimeshowthatfbrawiderangeofintractablesocialthedecisivecorrela-tionisbktweenahighincidence ofthe problemandtlielowintelligenceofthosewhosufferfromit:thisholdsforschooldropouts,unem-ployment,work-relatedi n l q ,outorwedlockbirihs,crime,andmanyoihe;socialproblems.Thoughwestubbornlydenyit,thesesocialproblemscorrelatetoas i e c a n tdegreewithintelligence.Only byk i n guptothisundeniablenewscanwebegintoaccuratelyassessthenation'sproblemsandmakerealisticplansforaddress-ingthem. Thatmeansinthe&stinstanceacceptingthattherearegreatMerencesinintelligencebetweengroupsofpeople,aswellJustasasamongindividuals inanyimportant,italsomeanslearningthatthesegroupdBerencesdonotjust*prejudicialassumptionsabout anymemberofagivenCgroupwhoseintelligenceandpotentdmay,infkt,beanywhereunderthebellcu&eofintel-ligencefiomthedullesttothemostbrilliant.Butitdoesmeanwemusthavethecouragetorevisewhatwecantalkaboutinpublic.Thisbookisthefirstimportantsteptowardthatdiflicultbutnecessary goal.receivedhisPh.D.inpsychologyatHarvardwherehehastaughtsinceI958andnowholdstheEdgarPierceChairinPsychology.-4ARLMUIPI,,,agraduateofHarvard,whoreceivedhisPhiD,inPoliticalSciencefromistheauthorofLosingGmund-AmwiranSocial PolicyZ95&1980.Heiscur-rentlyaBradleyellow owattheAmericanm,HEFREEPRESS.-PrintedintheU.S.A.1994Simon&SchusterInc.DistributedbySimon&Schuster h c .jacket' d 4 nOREMStudio,I ~ E .THE BELLCURVEIntelligence andClassStructurein AmericanLifeRICHARDJ.HERRNSTEINCHARLES MURRAYTHEFREE PRESSNewYorkLondonTorontoSydneyTokyoSingaporeForJULIA,MAX,JAMES,NARISARA,SARAWAN,ANNA,ANDBENNETTWewrotewithyourworldinour thoughtsCopyrightQ1994 by RichardJ.Hemstein and Charles MurrayAll rights reserved. No part of this hook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or hy anymeans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording,orhy any information stor-age and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher.TheFree PressA Division of Simon&Schuster Inc.866Third Avenue, New York, N.Y.10022Printed in the United States of Americaprinting number8910LibraryofCongressCataloging.in9ublicationDataHemstein, RichardJ.The bell curve:intelligenceandclass structure in American life/RichardJ.Hemstein, Charles Murrayp, cm.ISBN 0-02-914673-91.Intellect. 2. Nature and nurture,3.Intelligence levels-Social aspects. 4. Educational psychology. I.Murray,Charles A.11,%ele.BF43I.H398199494-29694305.9'0824~20CIPThere is a most absurd and audacious Method of reasoning avowed bysome Bigots and Enthusiasts, and through Fear assented tobysome wiserand better Men; it is this. They argue against a fair Discussion of pop-ular Prejudices, because, say they, tho' they would be found without anyreasonable Support, yet the Discovery might be productive of the mostdangerous Consequences. Absurd andblasphemousNotion! AsifallHappiness was not connected with the Practice of Virtue, which nec-essarily depends upon the Knowledge of Trurh.EDMUNDBURKEAVindicationofNaturalSociety [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
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//-->L,THEIntelligenceandClassStructuremAmericanLife.wRICHARDLHERRNSTEINJ,CHARiESMURRAYInow-time,theabilitytouseandmanipulateinformationhasbecomethesinglemostimportantdementof success,nomatterhowyoumeasureit:financialsecurity,power,orstatus.Thosewhoworkbymanipulatingideasandabstractionsaretheleadersandben-eficiariesofoursociety.Insuchanera,highintelligenceisanincreasinglypreciousrawmaterialforsuccess.Butdespitedecadesoffishionabledenial,theoverridingandinsis-tenttruthaboutintellectualabilityisthatitisendowedunequally,forreasonsthatgovern-mentpoliciescandolittletochange.ThemajorpurposeofThpBellCurveistorevealthedramatictransformationthatiscurrentlyin processinAmericansociety-aprocessthathascreatedanewkindof classstructureledbya"cognitiveelite:'itselfaresult ofconcentrationandself-selectioninthosesocialpoolswellendowedwithcbgnitiveabilities.Thistransfbrmation,sadly,hasitsopposite:theperpetuationofaclassofpeopledeficientintheseendowmentsandabilities,andincreasinglydoomedtolabor,iftheyfindworkatall,outsidetheinformationeconomy.InabookthatisceaainbigniteanexplosivecontroversyHerrnsteinandMurraybreaknewgroundinexploringthewaysthatlowintelli-gence,independentofsocial,economic,orethnicbackgroundliesattheAtofmanyofoursocialproblems,TheauthorsalsodemonstratethetruthofanothertabooGeethatintelltgencelev-elsdifferamongethnicgroups.This&dingisalreadywell-knownandwidelydiscussedamongpsychometriciansandotherscholars.InllheBellCurve,HerrnsteinandMurrayopenthisbodyofscholarshiptothegeneralpublic.Ourpublicpolicyrefksestoacknowledgethepro06ofhumanmerence,ortodealwithitsconsequences.Withrelentlessandunassailablethoroughness,HerrnsteinandMurrayfbrthe£irsttimeshowthatfbrawiderangeofintractablesocialthedecisivecorrela-tionisbktweenahighincidence ofthe problemandtlielowintelligenceofthosewhosufferfromit:thisholdsforschooldropouts,unem-ployment,work-relatedi n l q ,outorwedlockbirihs,crime,andmanyoihe;socialproblems.Thoughwestubbornlydenyit,thesesocialproblemscorrelatetoas i e c a n tdegreewithintelligence.Only byk i n guptothisundeniablenewscanwebegintoaccuratelyassessthenation'sproblemsandmakerealisticplansforaddress-ingthem. Thatmeansinthe&stinstanceacceptingthattherearegreatMerencesinintelligencebetweengroupsofpeople,aswellJustasasamongindividuals inanyimportant,italsomeanslearningthatthesegroupdBerencesdonotjust*prejudicialassumptionsabout anymemberofagivenCgroupwhoseintelligenceandpotentdmay,infkt,beanywhereunderthebellcu&eofintel-ligencefiomthedullesttothemostbrilliant.Butitdoesmeanwemusthavethecouragetorevisewhatwecantalkaboutinpublic.Thisbookisthefirstimportantsteptowardthatdiflicultbutnecessary goal.receivedhisPh.D.inpsychologyatHarvardwherehehastaughtsinceI958andnowholdstheEdgarPierceChairinPsychology.-4ARLMUIPI,,,agraduateofHarvard,whoreceivedhisPhiD,inPoliticalSciencefromistheauthorofLosingGmund-AmwiranSocial PolicyZ95&1980.Heiscur-rentlyaBradleyellow owattheAmericanm,HEFREEPRESS.-PrintedintheU.S.A.1994Simon&SchusterInc.DistributedbySimon&Schuster h c .jacket' d 4 nOREMStudio,I ~ E .THE BELLCURVEIntelligence andClassStructurein AmericanLifeRICHARDJ.HERRNSTEINCHARLES MURRAYTHEFREE PRESSNewYorkLondonTorontoSydneyTokyoSingaporeForJULIA,MAX,JAMES,NARISARA,SARAWAN,ANNA,ANDBENNETTWewrotewithyourworldinour thoughtsCopyrightQ1994 by RichardJ.Hemstein and Charles MurrayAll rights reserved. No part of this hook may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or hy anymeans, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording,orhy any information stor-age and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher.TheFree PressA Division of Simon&Schuster Inc.866Third Avenue, New York, N.Y.10022Printed in the United States of Americaprinting number8910LibraryofCongressCataloging.in9ublicationDataHemstein, RichardJ.The bell curve:intelligenceandclass structure in American life/RichardJ.Hemstein, Charles Murrayp, cm.ISBN 0-02-914673-91.Intellect. 2. Nature and nurture,3.Intelligence levels-Social aspects. 4. Educational psychology. I.Murray,Charles A.11,%ele.BF43I.H398199494-29694305.9'0824~20CIPThere is a most absurd and audacious Method of reasoning avowed bysome Bigots and Enthusiasts, and through Fear assented tobysome wiserand better Men; it is this. They argue against a fair Discussion of pop-ular Prejudices, because, say they, tho' they would be found without anyreasonable Support, yet the Discovery might be productive of the mostdangerous Consequences. Absurd andblasphemousNotion! AsifallHappiness was not connected with the Practice of Virtue, which nec-essarily depends upon the Knowledge of Trurh.EDMUNDBURKEAVindicationofNaturalSociety [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]