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Henry Ford
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to:
This article is about the early industrialist. For other uses, see
Henry Ford
Henry Ford, c. 1919
Born
July 30, 1863
Died
April 7, 1947 (aged 83)
Occupation
Net worth
▲
$188.1 billion
, according to
based on
information from
– February 2008.
Religious
beliefs
Spouse(s)
Clara Jane Bryant
Children
Parents
William Ford and Mary Ford
Henry Ford
(July 30, 1863–April 7, 1947) was the
founder of the
and father of modern
used in
His introduction of
the
revolutionized transportation and American industry. He was a
prolific inventor and was awarded 161 U.S.
As owner of the Ford Company he
became one of the richest and best-known people in the world. He is credited with "
,
that is, the mass production of large numbers of inexpensive automobiles using the assembly
line, coupled with high wages for his workers. Ford had a global vision, with consumerism as
1
the key to peace. Ford did not believe in accountants; he amassed one of the world's largest
fortunes without ever having his company
under his administration. Henry Ford's
intense commitment to lowering costs resulted in many technical and business innovations,
including a franchise system that put a dealership in every city in North America, and in
major cities on six continents. Ford left most of his vast wealth to the
but
arranged for his family to control the company permanently.
Contents
·
·
o
2.1
o
2.2
o
2.3
o
2.4
·
o
3.1
·
o
4.1
o
4.2
·
·
·
·
·
·
o
10.1
o
10.2
o
10.3
o
10.4
o
10.5
o
10.6
·
·
·
·
·
o
15.1
o
15.2
o
15.3
o
15.4
·
Early years
2
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863, on a farm next to a rural town west of
(this area is now part of
.
His father,
(1826–1905), was
born in
His mother, Mary Litogot Ford (1839–1876), was born in
Michigan; she was the youngest child of
immigrants; her parents died when Mary
was a child and she was adopted by neighbors, the O'Herns. Henry Ford's siblings include
Margaret Ford (1867–1938); Jane Ford (c. 1868–1945); William Ford (1871–1917) and
Robert Ford (1873–1934).
His father gave Henry a pocket watch in his early teens. At fifteen, Ford dismantled and
reassembled the timepieces of friends and neighbors dozens of times, gaining the reputation
of a watch repairman.
At twenty, Ford walked four miles to their
church every
Sunday.
Ford was devastated when his mother died in 1876. His father expected him to eventually take
over the family farm but Henry despised farm work. He told his father, "I never had any
particular love for the farm—it was the mother on the farm I loved."
In 1879, he left home to work as an apprentice machinist in the city of
first with
James F. Flower & Bros., and later with the Detroit Dry Dock Co. In 1882, he returned to
Dearborn to work on the family farm and became adept at operating the Westinghouse
portable
He was later hired by
company to service their steam
engines.
Henry Ford at twenty five years old in 1888.
Ford married Clara Ala Bryant (c. 1865–1950) in 1888 and supported himself by farming and
running a sawmill.
They had a single child:
(1893-1943).
In 1891, Ford became an engineer with the
and after his
promotion to Chief Engineer in 1893, he had enough time and money to devote attention to
his personal experiments on gasoline engines. These experiments culminated in 1896 with the
completion of his own self-propelled vehicle named the
which he test-
drove on
After various test-drives, Ford brainstormed ways to improve the
Quadricycle.
Also in 1896, Ford attended a meeting of Edison executives, where he was introduced to
Edison approved of Ford's automobile experimentation; encouraged by
Edison's approval, Ford designed and built a second vehicle, which was completed in 1898.
3
Backed by the capital of Detroit
William H. Murphy, Ford resigned from
Edison and founded the
on
However, the
automobiles produced were of a lower quality and higher price than Ford liked. Ultimately,
the company was not successful and was dissolved in January 1901.
With the help of
Ford designed, built, and successfully raced a twenty six
horsepower automobile in October 1901. With this success, Murphy and other stockholders in
the Detroit Automobile Company formed the
on November 30, 1901,
with Ford as chief engineer.
However, Murphy brought in
as a consultant.
As a result, Ford left the company bearing his name in 1902. With Ford gone, Murphy
renamed the company the
Ford also produced the 80+ horsepower racer "999", and getting
to drive it to
victory in October 1902. Ford received the backing of an old acquaintance,
a Detroit-area coal dealer
They formed a partnership, "Ford & Malcomson,
Ltd." to manufacture automobiles. Ford went to work designing an inexpensive automobile,
and the duo leased a factory and contracted with a machine shop owned by
and
to supply over $160,000 in parts.
Sales were slow, and a crisis arose when the
Dodge brothers demanded payment for their first shipment.
Ford Motor Company
Henry Ford with Thomas Edison and Harvey Firestone.
February 11,
1929.
In response, Malcomson brought in another group of investors and convinced the Dodge
Brothers to accept a portion of the new company.
Ford & Malcomson was reincorporated
as the
on
with $28,000 capital. The original investors
included Ford and Malcomson, the Dodge brothers, Malcomson's uncle John S. Gray,
and
In a newly designed car, Ford gave an exhibition on the ice of
driving 1 mile (1.6 km) in 39.4 seconds, setting a new
at
91.3 miles per hour (147.0 km/h). Convinced by this success, the race driver
who named this new Ford model "999" in honor of a racing locomotive of the day, took the
car around the country, making the Ford brand known throughout the United States. Ford also
was one of the early backers of the
4
Ford astonished the world in 1914 by offering a $5 per day wage, which more than doubled
the rate of most of his workers. (Using the Consumer Price Index, this was equivalent to $106
per day in 2008 dollars.) The move proved extremely profitable; instead of constant turnover
of employees, the best mechanics in Detroit flocked to Ford, bringing in their human capital
and expertise, raising productivity, and lowering training costs. Ford called it "wage motive."
The company's use of
also proved successful when Ford built a gigantic
factory that shipped in raw materials and shipped out finished automobiles.
Model T
The
was introduced on October 1, 1908. It had the steering wheel on the left, which
every other company soon copied. The entire engine and transmission were enclosed; the four
cylinders were cast in a solid block; the suspension used two semi-elliptic springs.
The car was very simple to drive, and easy and cheap to repair. It was so cheap at $825 in
1908 (the price fell every year) that by the 1920s a majority of American drivers learned to
drive on the Model T.
Ford created a massive publicity machine in Detroit to ensure every newspaper carried stories
and ads about the new product. Ford's network of local dealers made the car ubiquitous in
virtually every city in North America. As independent dealers, the franchises grew rich and
publicized not just the Ford but the very concept of automobiling; local motor clubs sprang up
to help new drivers and to explore the countryside. Ford was always eager to sell to farmers,
who looked on the vehicle as a commercial device to help their business. Sales skyrocketed—
several years posted 100% gains on the previous year. Always on the hunt for more efficiency
and lower costs, in 1913 Ford introduced the moving assembly belts into his plants, which
enabled an enormous increase in production. Although Henry Ford is often credited with the
idea, contemporary sources indicate that the concept and its development came from
employees
and
(See
Ford Assembly Line, 1913
Sales passed 250,000 in 1914. By 1916, as the price dropped to $360 for the basic touring car,
sales reached 472,000.
(Using the Consumer Price Index, this price was equivalent to
$7,020 in 2008 dollars.)
By 1918, half of all cars in America were Model T's. However, it was a monolithic block; as
Ford wrote in his autobiography, "Any customer can have a car painted any colour that he
5
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Henry Ford
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to:
This article is about the early industrialist. For other uses, see
Henry Ford
Henry Ford, c. 1919
Born
July 30, 1863
Died
April 7, 1947 (aged 83)
Occupation
Net worth
▲
$188.1 billion
, according to
based on
information from
– February 2008.
Religious
beliefs
Spouse(s)
Clara Jane Bryant
Children
Parents
William Ford and Mary Ford
Henry Ford
(July 30, 1863–April 7, 1947) was the
founder of the
and father of modern
used in
His introduction of
the
revolutionized transportation and American industry. He was a
prolific inventor and was awarded 161 U.S.
As owner of the Ford Company he
became one of the richest and best-known people in the world. He is credited with "
,
that is, the mass production of large numbers of inexpensive automobiles using the assembly
line, coupled with high wages for his workers. Ford had a global vision, with consumerism as
1
the key to peace. Ford did not believe in accountants; he amassed one of the world's largest
fortunes without ever having his company
under his administration. Henry Ford's
intense commitment to lowering costs resulted in many technical and business innovations,
including a franchise system that put a dealership in every city in North America, and in
major cities on six continents. Ford left most of his vast wealth to the
but
arranged for his family to control the company permanently.
Contents
·
·
o
2.1
o
2.2
o
2.3
o
2.4
·
o
3.1
·
o
4.1
o
4.2
·
·
·
·
·
·
o
10.1
o
10.2
o
10.3
o
10.4
o
10.5
o
10.6
·
·
·
·
·
o
15.1
o
15.2
o
15.3
o
15.4
·
Early years
2
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Henry Ford was born July 30, 1863, on a farm next to a rural town west of
(this area is now part of
.
His father,
(1826–1905), was
born in
His mother, Mary Litogot Ford (1839–1876), was born in
Michigan; she was the youngest child of
immigrants; her parents died when Mary
was a child and she was adopted by neighbors, the O'Herns. Henry Ford's siblings include
Margaret Ford (1867–1938); Jane Ford (c. 1868–1945); William Ford (1871–1917) and
Robert Ford (1873–1934).
His father gave Henry a pocket watch in his early teens. At fifteen, Ford dismantled and
reassembled the timepieces of friends and neighbors dozens of times, gaining the reputation
of a watch repairman.
At twenty, Ford walked four miles to their
church every
Sunday.
Ford was devastated when his mother died in 1876. His father expected him to eventually take
over the family farm but Henry despised farm work. He told his father, "I never had any
particular love for the farm—it was the mother on the farm I loved."
In 1879, he left home to work as an apprentice machinist in the city of
first with
James F. Flower & Bros., and later with the Detroit Dry Dock Co. In 1882, he returned to
Dearborn to work on the family farm and became adept at operating the Westinghouse
portable
He was later hired by
company to service their steam
engines.
Henry Ford at twenty five years old in 1888.
Ford married Clara Ala Bryant (c. 1865–1950) in 1888 and supported himself by farming and
running a sawmill.
They had a single child:
(1893-1943).
In 1891, Ford became an engineer with the
and after his
promotion to Chief Engineer in 1893, he had enough time and money to devote attention to
his personal experiments on gasoline engines. These experiments culminated in 1896 with the
completion of his own self-propelled vehicle named the
which he test-
drove on
After various test-drives, Ford brainstormed ways to improve the
Quadricycle.
Also in 1896, Ford attended a meeting of Edison executives, where he was introduced to
Edison approved of Ford's automobile experimentation; encouraged by
Edison's approval, Ford designed and built a second vehicle, which was completed in 1898.
3
Backed by the capital of Detroit
William H. Murphy, Ford resigned from
Edison and founded the
on
However, the
automobiles produced were of a lower quality and higher price than Ford liked. Ultimately,
the company was not successful and was dissolved in January 1901.
With the help of
Ford designed, built, and successfully raced a twenty six
horsepower automobile in October 1901. With this success, Murphy and other stockholders in
the Detroit Automobile Company formed the
on November 30, 1901,
with Ford as chief engineer.
However, Murphy brought in
as a consultant.
As a result, Ford left the company bearing his name in 1902. With Ford gone, Murphy
renamed the company the
Ford also produced the 80+ horsepower racer "999", and getting
to drive it to
victory in October 1902. Ford received the backing of an old acquaintance,
a Detroit-area coal dealer
They formed a partnership, "Ford & Malcomson,
Ltd." to manufacture automobiles. Ford went to work designing an inexpensive automobile,
and the duo leased a factory and contracted with a machine shop owned by
and
to supply over $160,000 in parts.
Sales were slow, and a crisis arose when the
Dodge brothers demanded payment for their first shipment.
Ford Motor Company
Henry Ford with Thomas Edison and Harvey Firestone.
February 11,
1929.
In response, Malcomson brought in another group of investors and convinced the Dodge
Brothers to accept a portion of the new company.
Ford & Malcomson was reincorporated
as the
on
with $28,000 capital. The original investors
included Ford and Malcomson, the Dodge brothers, Malcomson's uncle John S. Gray,
and
In a newly designed car, Ford gave an exhibition on the ice of
driving 1 mile (1.6 km) in 39.4 seconds, setting a new
at
91.3 miles per hour (147.0 km/h). Convinced by this success, the race driver
who named this new Ford model "999" in honor of a racing locomotive of the day, took the
car around the country, making the Ford brand known throughout the United States. Ford also
was one of the early backers of the
4
Ford astonished the world in 1914 by offering a $5 per day wage, which more than doubled
the rate of most of his workers. (Using the Consumer Price Index, this was equivalent to $106
per day in 2008 dollars.) The move proved extremely profitable; instead of constant turnover
of employees, the best mechanics in Detroit flocked to Ford, bringing in their human capital
and expertise, raising productivity, and lowering training costs. Ford called it "wage motive."
The company's use of
also proved successful when Ford built a gigantic
factory that shipped in raw materials and shipped out finished automobiles.
Model T
The
was introduced on October 1, 1908. It had the steering wheel on the left, which
every other company soon copied. The entire engine and transmission were enclosed; the four
cylinders were cast in a solid block; the suspension used two semi-elliptic springs.
The car was very simple to drive, and easy and cheap to repair. It was so cheap at $825 in
1908 (the price fell every year) that by the 1920s a majority of American drivers learned to
drive on the Model T.
Ford created a massive publicity machine in Detroit to ensure every newspaper carried stories
and ads about the new product. Ford's network of local dealers made the car ubiquitous in
virtually every city in North America. As independent dealers, the franchises grew rich and
publicized not just the Ford but the very concept of automobiling; local motor clubs sprang up
to help new drivers and to explore the countryside. Ford was always eager to sell to farmers,
who looked on the vehicle as a commercial device to help their business. Sales skyrocketed—
several years posted 100% gains on the previous year. Always on the hunt for more efficiency
and lower costs, in 1913 Ford introduced the moving assembly belts into his plants, which
enabled an enormous increase in production. Although Henry Ford is often credited with the
idea, contemporary sources indicate that the concept and its development came from
employees
and
(See
Ford Assembly Line, 1913
Sales passed 250,000 in 1914. By 1916, as the price dropped to $360 for the basic touring car,
sales reached 472,000.
(Using the Consumer Price Index, this price was equivalent to
$7,020 in 2008 dollars.)
By 1918, half of all cars in America were Model T's. However, it was a monolithic block; as
Ford wrote in his autobiography, "Any customer can have a car painted any colour that he
5
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